How Do I Draw A Longhorn Steer

American breed of cattle

Texas Longhorn
Traits

Conservation status	FAO (2007): not at risk^[1] ^: 145 Livestock Conservancy (2021): critical^[2] DAD-IS (2022): non at risk^[three]
Country of origin	United States
Coat	red, white, black, brown
Horn status	horned, large thick horns
Cattle Bos primigenius

The Texas Longhorn is a breed of cattle known for its feature horns, which tin extend to over viii feet (2.54 one thousand) tip to tip for cows and bulls.^[four] It derives from cattle brought from the Iberian Peninsula to the Americas past Spanish conquistadores from the time of the Second Voyage of Christopher Columbus until about 1512.^[five]

For hundreds of years the cattle lived a semi-feral existence on the rangelands; they take a college tolerance of heat and drought than most European breeds.^[six] Registries for the breed include: the Texas Longhorn Breeders Association of America, founded in 1964 by the Kerr Canton rancher Charles Schreiner 3; the International Texas Longhorn Clan; and the Cattlemen's Texas Longhorn Registry.^[7] The online National Texas Longhorn Museum displays the variety of horns constitute in the breed, stories about notable private cattle of the breed, and a gallery of piece of furniture made from cattle horns.^[8]

Texas Longhorns are known for their diverse coloring and can be any color or mix of colors, but coloration mixes of dark red and white are the near dominant.

History [edit]

The Texas Longhorn derives from cattle brought to the Americas by Spanish conquistadores from the fourth dimension of the 2nd Voyage of Christopher Columbus until about 1512.^[v] The first cattle were landed in 1493 on the Caribbean isle of La Isla Española (now known every bit Hispaniola) to provide nutrient for the colonists.^[9] ^: 279 ^[ten]

Over the next two centuries, the Spaniards used the cattle in Mexico and gradually moved them north to accompany their expanding settlements. The Spaniards reached the expanse that became known as "Texas" about the end of the 17th century. Eventually, some cattle escaped or were turned loose on the open range, where they remained mostly feral for the next two centuries. Over several generations, descendants of these cattle developed to have loftier feed- and drought-stress tolerances and other "hardy" characteristics that have given Longhorns their reputation as livestock.^[11] ^[6]

Early on Anglo-American settlers in East Texas, then a office of United mexican states, obtained feral Mexican cattle from the borderland between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande. They bred them with their ain eastern cattle. The result was a tough, rangy animal that was characterized past its lengthy legs and exceptionally long horns that extended up to 7 feet.

Equally Texas became more densely settled through increased migration subsequently information technology was annexed by the U.S., the frontier was developed for ingather farms and ranch lands. The leaner beefiness of the Texas Longhorn was not as attractive in an era where tallow was highly prized. The breed'southward ability to survive on the poor vegetation of the open up range was not as important as the range was enclosed. Other breeds demonstrated traits more highly valued by the modern rancher, such as the ability to proceeds weight quickly for marketing as beefiness.

The Texas Longhorn stock slowly dwindled, but in 1927, the breed was saved from about extinction by enthusiasts from the United States Forest Service. They nerveless a modest herd of stock to breed on the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge in Lawton, Oklahoma.^[12] The brood besides received pregnant attention later on a Texas Longhorn named "Bevo" was adopted as the mascot of The Academy of Texas at Austin in 1917. The animal's image became unremarkably associated with the schoolhouse'due south sports teams, known as the Texas Longhorns. A few years later, J. Frank Dobie and others gathered small herds to go along in Texas country parks. Oilman Sid Westward. Richardson helped finance the project.^[13] The Longhorns were cared for largely equally curiosities, but the stock'south longevity, resistance to disease, and ability to thrive on marginal pastures resulted in a revival of the breed as beef stock and for their link to Texas history.

In 1957, Charles Schreiner 3 began creating a Longhorn herd on his ranch, the Y O, in Mountain Home, Texas, as a tribute to the ranching legacy of his grandpa, Captain Charles Armand Schreiner, and the Longhorns he ran on his ranches. Schreiner purchased five heifers and one bull calf for $75 each from the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge nigh Lawton. In 1964, Schreiner founded the Texas Longhorn Breeders Clan of America. The YO herd was the get-go cattle registered with the association. To draw attending to the Longhorn and its new association, in 1966, Schreiner organized a cattle drive of Longhorn steers from San Antonio, Texas to Contrivance City, Kansas.^[fourteen] The bulldoze was promoted as a centennial commemoration of the before Chisholm Trail drives. Schreiner arranged for local members of the Quanah sheriff's posse to stage a simulated "Indian attack" as the steers crossed the Red River at Doan'due south Crossing. The attack was then accurate that the steers stampeded with cowboys in close pursuit. Four hours were needed to reassemble the herd. In 1976, Texas Tech Academy in Lubbock persuaded Schreiner to phase a cattle trail bulldoze to gloat its new National Ranching Heritage Center.^[15]

In 1995, the Texas Legislature designated the Texas Longhorn as the state mammal (large).^[sixteen] In the 21st century, Texas Longhorns from elite bloodlines can sell for $forty,000 or more at auction. The tape of $380,000 on March eighteen, 2022, was for a moo-cow, 3S Danica, and heifer calf at side, during the Legacy Xiii sale in Fort Worth, Texas.^[17]

Characteristics [edit]

The Longhorn is genetically close to Iberian cattle breeds such every bit the De Lidia and Retinta of Spain and the Alentejana and Mertolenga of Portugal.^[18] Like other Criollo cattle of the Americas and many breeds of southern Europe, it is principally of taurine (European) in type only has a small admixture of indicine genetic heritage; this may be a effect of gene flow across the Strait of Gibraltar from cattle of African origin dating to before the time of the Castilian Conquest.^[5]

The horns are in some cases very long. In general, the horns of bulls are of moderate length, while those of steers may be much longer.^[xix] ^: 313 In 2022 the Guinness Book of Records reported the longest spread of cattle horns (on a living animal) to be: 323.7 cm (127.4 in) for a steer called Poncho Via; 265.i cm (104.4 in) for a moo-cow named 3S Danica; and 262.5 cm (103.3 in) for a bull named Cowboy Tuff Chex. All 3 were Texas Longhorns.^[20]

Coat colour is extremely variable. In some 40% of the cattle information technology is some shade of red, often a light reddish; the only shade of red not seen is the deep colour typical of the Hereford. The finching pattern is common; when the base color is blackness it is called zorillo , from the Spanish for 'skunk'.^[19] ^: 313 Other colors include variations of blackness, blueish, brown, cream, dun, grey, yellowish or white, either with or without brindling (called gateada , from the Castilian word for 'cat'), speckling or spotting.^[nineteen] ^: 313 Speckled and solid-coloured animals are in roughly equal proportion.^[2]

Use [edit]

The Longhorn was traditionally reared for beef.^[21] In the twenty-first century it is considered part of the cultural heritage of Texas.^[22] ^: 343 Information technology may be kept for conservation reasons, or bred for greater horn length.^[23] It is occasionally used for steer riding.^[24] ^[25]

References [edit]

^ Barbara Rischkowsky, Dafydd Pilling (editors) (2007). Listing of breeds documented in the Global Databank for Animate being Genetic Resource, addendum to The State of the Globe'southward Animal Genetic Resource for Food and Agriculture. Rome: Commission on Genetic Resource for Food and Agronomics, Food and Agronomics Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 9789251057629. Archived 23 June 2022.
^ ^a ^b Texas Longhorn Cattle (CTLR). The Livestock Conservancy. Archived xix October 2022.
^ Breed data sheet: Texas Longhorn / U.s.a. of America (Cattle). Domestic Animal Diverseness Information System of the Food and Agronomics Organization of the United nations. Accessed Feb 2022.
^ Siebert, Charles (July 2022). "Food Ark". National Geographic.
^ ^a ^b ^c McTavish, Emily Jane (March 25, 2022). "New World cattle show beginnings from multiple contained domestication events" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 110 (xv): E1398–E1406. Bibcode:2013PNAS..110E1398M. doi:10.1073/pnas.1303367110. PMC3625352. PMID 23530234.
^ ^a ^b Daniel Oppenheimer (March 25, 2022). Decoding the genetic history of the Texas longhorn. ScienceDaily. Academy of Texas at Austin. Accessed Feb 2022.
^ "Cattlemen's Texas Longhorn Registry". Cattlemen's Texas Longhorn Registry. Retrieved December xiii, 2022.
^ "The Alan Rogers Texas Longhorn Museum". longhornmuseum.com.
^ Janet Vorwald Dohner (2001). The Encyclopedia of Celebrated and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds. New Haven, Connecticut; London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300088809.
^ Rouse, John E. (1977). The Criollo: Spanish Cattle in the Americas. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press.
^ Barragy, Terrence J. (2003). Gathering Texas Gilded . Cayo del Grullo, TX: Cayo Del Grullo Press. ISBN9780961160487.
^ Donald East. Worcester. "Longhorn Cattle," Handbook of Texas Online. Published past the Texas State Historical Association.
^ Galbraith, Kate (October 12, 2022). "Symbol of Texas Owes its Survival in Part to Oklahoma". The Texas Tribune . Retrieved Oct 12, 2022.
^ "YO Ranch". Texas History Notebook. December 6, 2022. Retrieved September 6, 2022.
^ Dr. Idris R. Taylor Jr., ed. (April 1976). "Trail drive to Mark opening of Eye". The International Eye for Arid and Semiarid Land Studies. ICASALS Newsletter. Texas Tech Academy. 9 (2): 5–6. Retrieved September half-dozen, 2022.
^ "Texas State Symbols". Texas State Library and Archives Committee. tsl.texas.gov. Retrieved July 7, 2022.
^ "Texas Longhorn Cow Sells For $380,000.00". rightsidesd.com. March nineteen, 2022.
^ Kidd, K. K.; et al. (1980). "Immunogenetic and Population Genetic Analyses of Iberian Cattle" (PDF). Creature Blood Groups and Biochemical Genetics. 11 (1): 21–38. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2052.1980.tb01489.x. PMID 7396241.
^ ^a ^b ^c Valerie Porter, Lawrence Alderson, Stephen J.G. Hall, D. Phillip Sponenberg (2016). Mason's World Encyclopedia of Livestock Breeds and Breeding (sixth edition). Wallingford: CABI. ISBN 9781780647944.
^ Records: "cattle horns". Guinness Book of Records. Guinness World Records. Accessed February 2022.
^ Quick Reference Guide to Heritage Cattle. The Livestock Salvation. Archived 14 December 2022.
^ Joshua Specht (2016). The Rise, Fall, and Rebirth of the Texas Longhorn: An Evolutionary History. Ecology History. 21 (2):343–363. doi:10.1093/envhis/emv148. (subscription required)>
^ "A $380,000 Longhorn? A Await At The Never-ending Race For The Biggest Horns In Texas". Texas Standard . Retrieved September 13, 2022.
^ "A fresh mount: Bob McCormick breaks longhorn steer to ride for bicentennial parade". Tri-Stock Livestock News . Retrieved September v, 2022.
^ "Oklahoma couple breeds longhorns for riding". The Fence Post . Retrieved September 5, 2022.

Farther reading [edit]

Will C. Barnes, "Wichita Forest Will Be Lair of Longhorns", The Cattleman, April 1926.
Dan Kilgore, "Texas Cattle Origins", The Cattleman, January 1983.
James Westfall Thompson, History of Livestock Raising in the The states, 1607-1860 (Washington: U.S. Section of Agriculture, 1942).
James Frank Dobie, The Longhorns (Austin, Texas: University of Texas Printing, 1980) (ISBN 029274627X).
Don Worcester, The Texas Longhorn: Relic of the Past, Asset for the Future (Higher Station: Texas A&M University Printing, 1987) (ISBN 0890966257).
Neal Barrett, Jr., Long Days and Curt Nights, A Century of Texas Ranching on the Y O 1880-1980 (Y O Press, Mount Habitation, Texas, 1980)